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This article is devoted to problems of the process of rendering services in the field of customs during digitalisation of the economy. The observed mechanism of rendering state customs services, as well as improving their quality, naturally affect the entire service sector and the development of the country’s economy as a whole. The main purposes of the article are to analyse the mechanism of rendering services in the field of customs and to search for effective methods of assessing their quality. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to improve the operations performed to be able to manage the quality of provided customs services. The main objective of this article is to propose possible ways to reduce time costs without losing the quality of customs control in the process of providing the services. The article used both theoretical (analysis of the current legislation) and empirical research methods (giving practical examples of improving the efficiency of customs operations and the quality of customs services). The results of the study are the following: development of sequential operations performed by customs authorities in the process of rendering services in the field of customs; proposal of possible criteria for assessing their quality; formulation of options for managing this quality.

It is established that the system of free enterprise in the form in which it is implemented does not ensure progressive changes and they do not occur. The authors believe that in order to ensure a high level of socio-economic security of Ukrainians, it is advisable to use methods, levers, information and legal support for socio-economic security based on the digitalisation of business processes at enterprises, organisations and institutions. The article substantiates the expediency of forming a structure and mechanism for ensuring socio-economic security, taking into account the determination of the values of the State, phenomena of public life and public consciousness, in order to solve the problems of ensuring the effective operation of enterprise through the use of digital innovative technologies. It proposes a structure of socio-economic security of enterprises in the context of digitalisation of business processes. In order to ensure the conditions for social protection of employees of enterprise, a mechanism for such protection is proposed, taking into account the economic component, which will largely depend on the introduction of digital technologies into the business processes of enterprise. The paper suggests the concept of digitalisation of business processes of enterprise with a view to forming and ensuring socio-economic security of enterprises in the context of digitalisation of business processes. It is proved that the digital society is a necessary progressive movement, which involves the intensive and productive use of digital technologies in all spheres of human life, the life of economic entities, regions and the State. The publication analyses the global volume of trade through e-commerce retail in 2016-2021 as a sign of the external environment of socio-economic security of enterprise. The emphasis is placed on the digital society as an external environment of socio-economic security of enterprise. It is determined that digital technologies have a significant impact on the socio-economic security of enterprises, as they allow increasing the profitability of production, reducing human labour costs, ensuring rhythmic operation at all stages of business processes, making it possible to implement the tasks set and achieve common economic, social and civic goals. It is determined that the digital economy covers not only the information and communication sector, but also all business sectors in all areas of economic activity, including the public and private sectors, non-financial and tertiary sectors, financial sector, extractive industry, manufacturing and services, agriculture and construction. The study analyses the system characteristics of functioning of the mechanisms for ensuring socio-economic security, taking into account the relationship between internal relations and the external environment. The article examines the assessment of digital quality of life according to the Digital Quality of Life Index 2023, and identifies factors and trends that affect such indicators. The factors influencing the socio-economic security of the 10 largest IT companies in Ukraine by the number of specialists as of July 2023 are identified. The prospects for the impact of digitalisation of business processes of enterprises on the socio-economic security of Ukraine are determined.

Aggressive and volatile business environment determines the need to study and use innovative and progressive management paradigms that are able to ensure the competitiveness of enterprises in target markets. The subject of the study is a set of theoretical and applied principles for evaluating the effectiveness of economic entity’s business processes based on a system of certain indicators. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of enterprise’s business processes based on the SMART approach. The authors present their vision of the groups of indicators that can be used to determine the effectiveness of business processes. The study uses a SMART approach to setting goals, which helps to correctly formulate the desired result and provides an understanding of the direction. The authors propose an approach to evaluating the business processes’ effectiveness based on six criteria: process efficiency, efficiency of providing the necessary resources, product cost, resource productivity, length of one technological cycle, adaptability of the process. Based on the synthesis of concepts such as the balanced scorecard, functional and cost analysis, and key success factors the authors create an original model for evaluating the effectiveness of business processes.

In the paper, we solved the problems regarding the improvement of the production process of allocating material to the inlet of a production hall using the Plant Simulation software in a selected company. The solved problematics are high costs for the shipping company, elimination of the necessity to transfer the semi-finished product from the external warehouse to the production hall and non-effective layout. We deal with the characteristics of the current state of the production process in the production company and create its model in Plant Simulation. Thereafter we propose solutions that can make that process more efficient. The software enables the comparison of complex production alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business process compliance is an essential part of business process management, which saves organizations from penalties caused by non-compliant processes. However, current researches on business process compliance mainly focus on checking using general constraint rules that have been formalized without in-depth analysis of related regulatory documents and mostly involve extensive human efforts. In this paper, we aim to propose an automatic and interpretable compliance checking approach for design-time business processes. By combining deep learning and a natural language processing approach based on rule templates, we extract semantic information from regulatory documents at different granularities for subsequent compliance checking. In addition, we match appropriate rules to the process model and detect the degree of violation of the business process from three control-flow perspectives. The effectiveness of this method is validated on two real-world datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), is a standardized graphical language used for the graphical modeling of business processes. A BPMN model is composed of several small graphs called elements; these elements make it possible to describe the activities, the events, and the interactions between the components of a business process. Among the essential elements of BPMN are gateways, which control the flow of data. However, the big challenge of these gateways is the existence of several interpretations of the same BPMN model containing gateways; this is due to the informal and ambiguous definition. Several works have proposed the formalization of gateways using formal languages such as process algebras, Petri nets, etc. The purpose of this article is to propose a formalization of BPMN gateways using the formal language DD-LOTOS. DDLOTOS is defined on a semantics of true parallelism called maximality semantics and allows to support distribution and temporal constraints. We then propose the verification of certain properties using the UPPAAL model checker. Our approach has been validated through a case study representing the online purchasing process.

This research aims to study and confirm enabling factors affecting the knowledge transfer and business process of community enterprise groups in Pattani province, Thailand. Key informants were community enterprise entrepreneurs; 30 people were selected purposively with criteria. This study used a mixed-methods approach and conducted semi-structured interviews to collect data. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and classification, while quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Moreover, inferential statistics chi-square value, Phi Cramer’s V, and multiple regression analysis with the R program for statistical computing were employed to analyze the relationship between the variables, test the research hypothesis, and create forecasting equations. The research results revealed that the overview of enabling factors had a very high relationship (Cramer’s V=0.965). Regarding community enterprise, it was found that enabling factors related to the knowledge transfer and business process consisted of four factors: regulations and administrative guidelines, business plan, reinforcement, and brainstorming. Reinforcement was the factor with the highest degree of correlation (Cramer’s V=0.873) and predictor of influence on the knowledge transfer and business process (R2=0.670, p

The purpose of this research is to develop a methodological approach to assessing the impact of the architecture effectiveness of the enterprise business model on the level of its competitiveness. The study methodology suggests the author’s approach to assessing the architecture effectiveness and the level of enterprise competitiveness. The scenario approach was used in order to the evaluate the connection between competitiveness, business model potential and enterprise architecture based on the economic-mathematical method of solving the nonlinear optimization problem through the use of hierarchical synthesis. The study was conducted according to the materials from 15 private clinics in Ukraine. The analysis of the obtained indices of architecture efficiency, competitiveness and potential level of the business model of the private clinics under study was carried out. It is determined that the level and growth rates of the enterprise architecture efficiency of private clinics have significant distinctions, which affect the level of their competitiveness. A group of leading companies in terms of the level of business model potential is singled out based on the definition of the correlation between the level of business model potential and the enterprise architecture efficiency. It is established that the level of business model potential of private clinics is substantially dependent on the level of enterprise architecture efficiency. It is proved that the efficiency of enterprise architecture has a significant influence on the potential and competitiveness of the business model. The novelty of the study consists in the methodological approach to assessing the impact of business model architecture on the level of its competitiveness, taking into consideration the identification of functional rather than strictly parametric correlation between variables. This research can be useful for professionals, scientists and researchers involved in developing and implementing effective business models and designing the enterprise architecture in order to achieve the company’s strategic intentions and to create and maintain competitive market positions.

In recent years, the accurate management of business processes has received more and more attention, so conformance checking technology as one of the business process management elements is becoming more and more essential. The existing conformance checking technology is mainly from the perspective of the control flow of the model, without considering the data in the business process or the impact of data changes on the business process. To solve above problems, this paper proposed a business process conformance checking method based on data impact. Firstly, the method analyzed the impact of data on the expected behavior of deviant activities through the dependency relationship between data and behavior in the business process modeling notation (BPMN) model, and obtained the expected behavior sets of deviant activities. Secondly, it introduced the decision model and notation (DMN) decision table into the BPMN model to fully capture the relationship between the data context and the behavior context of the current instance execution, so as to distinguish between valid data changes and abnormal data changes and found the effective expected behavior sets of deviation activities. Finally, this paper proposed an effective conformance checking method by designing various cost functions of the impact of data on deviation activities. Com- pared with existing work, the results show that the proposed method improves the conformance of business process. This method can successfully capture the adaptive behavior of responding to deviant activities, making business processes more accurate and reasonable in complex and changeable environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anomaly detection is widely used in the field of business process management, and researchers have proposed various anomaly detection algorithms to detect anomalies in event logs. However, existing research focuses on detecting anomalies in event logs at the data level, ignoring the problem of anomalies caused by event log control flow, especially behavioral relationships, and identifying behavioral anomalies as normal, leading to an increase in the false-negative rate of anomaly detection results, which negatively affects the performance of process mining. To solve the above problems, this article proposes an auto-encoder-based anomaly detection approach to achieve the detection of behavioral relationship anomalies in event logs through the reconstruction error between images. The approach first considers event logs containing behavioral relationships, converts the logs into images as input to the auto-encoder, and analyses the reconstruction error between images to propose a reconstruction error threshold for anomaly detection. The algorithm is able to achieve anomaly detection of behavioral relationships in event logs and reduce the false-negative rate of anomaly detection results. Experiments on synthetic datasets and real datasets show that the proposed approach can improve the recall rate and F1-score of event log anomaly detection effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to today's intense competition and rapid changes in the market, organizations must concentrate on their process management to improve their effectiveness to be able to respond quickly. Studies have shown that organizations are not necessarily even aware of the current primary function of technical management (TM) because their internal procedures are not currently modeled. This results in a lack of efficiency in terms of how businesses operate in organizations. This study aims to create internal procedure manuals for the technical support function of a case company and considers how to pinpoint areas for process improvement. Since TM is a part of the case company internally, it has not been able to update its internal procedure charts to reflect this, so cannot show its current roles in the surrounding organization. The methodology of this study is separated into two stages: modeling swim lane diagrams describing the existing state (as-is) of TM processes and then conducting semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders to ascertain their expectations and suggestions for change. Thematic analysis of the interview data and performing a comparison with the current procedure charts are used to determine whether or not TM's procedures can be strengthened to better assist the surrounding organization. The study concludes that further actions are needed to clarify the role of TM in ways other than in the sub-process task level in the procedure charts of the case company. In addition, TM could conduct further analysis to optimize the case company's business processes to achieve maximum benefit in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In implementing EA itself, problems often occur, such as the incoherence and synchronization of business strategy with technology. To be able to find out the possibility that there is an error and quality in the company's business processes, it is necessary to carry out verification and validation. The stages of testing verification and validation of business processes use V-Model which has 3 layers. The results of this research will later become an improvement for the company to achieve effectiveness and efficiency in optimizing the company's business processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SARS-CoVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on various sectors, prompting countries worldwide to implement measures like social restrictions. PT. Energi Makmur, a national Engineering Procurement and Construction Company, adapted to these changes during the pandemic, facing numerous challenges while striving to deliver products to clients within specified timelines. This final project aims to create a novel business process for the Front End Engineering Design phase that can effectively operate under social restrictions, removing the need for physical coordination typically conducted in an office setting. Using the Design for Six Sigma framework, incorporating Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, and Verify steps, this project seeks to maintain internal approval timelines akin to those in normal conditions. Primary data collection involves interviews, group discussions, and surveys, while secondary data is gathered through internal document review. To identify root causes, methods like the current reality tree and the 8 waste theory are employed, while the FMEA method is utilized to prioritize solutions, and the Kano model verifies the design. Nine proposed solutions emerged from the design phase, with seven slated for implementation in upcoming projects after the verification stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the current issues of researching digital transformation in accordance with global standards, global competition, and social aspects. The previous transformation practices of food enterprises in line with the requirements of Industry 4.0 have been analyzed. A physical concept of a digitized trade and production hub has been designed in accordance with Industry 4.0, encompassing both production and trade complexes. It represents an innovative and promising initiative that addresses a range of current problems on a national and regional scale. To ensure the effective functioning of the digitized trade and production hub concept in line with Industry 4.0, a mechanism for an automated system for receiving raw materials and finished products from suppliers, accounting, production, and acceptance of finished products, control of supplier raw material and product stocks, operation of the trading floor and digital stand, traceability of the movement of goods and material values for the formation of preliminary orders to the supplier of raw materials and finished products, the functioning of the value creation logistics chain for the supplier and the trade and production hub, and the distribution of material resources between suppliers and the Industry 4.0 trade and production hub have been developed. A concept of a digitized trade and production hub in accordance with Industry 4.0 and mechanisms of its functioning, which are automated, have been designed. The proposed concept aims to increase the efficiency of production and logistic processes, inventory control, automatic order generation, and raw material distribution. It is worth noting that the developed model in accordance with Industry 4.0 is aimed at optimizing resources, reducing operational costs, improving the quality of manufactured products, supporting local manufacturers, providing an opportunity for small local manufacturers to collectively use modern digital technologies, and increasing employment at both the local and regional levels. The franchising model serves as an additional scaling tool for Industry 4.0 trade and production hubs, allowing the integration of innovative enterprises into a unified production-digitalized ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to study and confirm enabling factors affecting the knowledge transfer and business process of community enterprise groups in Pattani province, Thailand. Key informants were community enterprise entrepreneurs; 30 people were selected purposively with criteria. This study used a mixed-methods approach and conducted semi-structured interviews to collect data. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and classification, while quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Moreover, inferential statistics chi-square value, Phi Cramer's V, and multiple regression analysis with the R program for statistical computing were employed to analyze the relationship between the variables, test the research hypothesis, and create forecasting equations. The research results revealed that the overview of enabling factors had a very high relationship (Cramer's V=0.965). Regarding community enterprise, it was found that enabling factors related to the knowledge transfer and business process consisted of four factors: regulations and administrative guidelines, business plan, reinforcement, and brainstorming. Reinforcement was the factor with the highest degree of correlation (Cramer's V=0.873) and predictor of influence on the knowledge transfer and business process (R2=0.670, p<0.05). This study's findings can lead to the developing of guidelines for promoting community enterprises properly and timely. These guidelines are expected to be used to develop knowledge about business models for community enterprises, which will help to improve their competency and competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), is a standardized graphical language used for the graphical modeling of business processes. A BPMN model is composed of several small graphs called elements; these elements make it possible to describe the activities, the events, and the interactions between the components of a business process. Among the essential elements of BPMN are gateways, which control the flow of data. However, the big challenge of these gateways is the existence of several interpretations of the same BPMN model containing gateways; this is due to the informal and ambiguous definition. Several works have proposed the formalization of gateways using formal languages such as process algebras, Petri nets, etc. The purpose of this article is to propose a formalization of BPMN gateways using the formal language DD-LOTOS. DDLOTOS is defined on a semantics of true parallelism called maximality semantics and allows to support distribution and temporal constraints. We then propose the verification of certain properties using the UPPAAL model checker. Our approach has been validated through a case study representing the online purchasing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring and diagnosing performance issues of business processes are critical to ensure the satisfactory performance of enterprise business processes. To evaluate the quality of operations, the organizations define their own Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for each business process. These KPIs might be related to duration, cost, risk, customer satisfaction or any other criteria. Practically, discovering influential factors of KPIs results is valuable for organizations' management. It helps in providing better understanding of the analyzed process. As a result, it supports management in taking enhancing actions to ensure better performance. In this work, we propose a new methodology that effectively discovers causal relationships between KPIs results and other process information by using the association rules algorithm and applying three steps of rules pruning processing. This methodology was compared with two other methodologies; one of them uses the decision trees algorithm and the other one uses the association rules with no rules pruning. The evaluations on real production environment data related to the procure-to-pay process show that the proposed approach can address the limitations of the other two approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of constant aggravation of competition, when the speed of response of all subsystems of the enterprise along with the efficiency of activities are of particular importance, one of the effective instruments aimed at improving the functioning of the enterprise is the reengineering of business processes, since it radically changes the existing process model of business to an innovative model that is more adaptive to the existing realities of an economic entity. Effective use of technologies and instruments for reengineering of business processes allows the enterprise to become more flexible and adaptive to changes in the external environment, and as a result, more competitive in the business environment. Therefore, the study of the scientific problem of the application of the conception of reengineering and its implementation by enterprises in today’s conditions is an urgent task of both scientists and practitioners. The aim of the article is to develop an algorithm for evaluating the process of reengineering of the enterprise’s business processes. The article proves the relevance of the conception of reengineering of the business processes of enterprise by analyzing the evolution, formation, and the current development of this sphere of knowledge; the importance of information technologies in the management of the system of processes and modeling of the business processes of enterprise is determined; the stages of the procedure for reengineering of the business processes of enterprise are substantiated and the role and status of personnel in these changes are determined; an integrated organizational approach to assessing the process of reengineering of the the enterprise’s business processes has been substantiated. The purpose of the research was achieved with the help of a system of methods, in particular analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction – to determine the essence and features of the object and subject of research, scientific abstraction, logical analysis, comparison – to establish the causes, factors, and consequences of influence on the object and subject of research; integrated and system approach – to assess the process of reengineering of the business processes of the enterprise. Further scientific research on the subject of research will be based on the rapid development of modern technologies with the progressive informatization of society, which will lead to new conceptions and approaches both to the organization of reengineering and to the evaluation of its results.

This study empirically investigated the effect of business process reengineering factors on organisational performance in the Saudi context. A quantitative approach was employed whereby this study focused on Riyadh factory for re-refining oils employees. A total of 110 useable questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. Business process reengineering factors that were investigated include the major improvements after business process reengineering, the major changes after implementation of business process reengineering and the personal gain after business reengineering process. The results showed that the only two factors out of the three do affect organisational performance in Riyadh factory for re-refining oils employees namely the major improvements after business process reengineering and the major changes after implementation of business process reengineering.

Background. Predictive business process analytics is an important tool in the management of organizational systems. The study discusses the approaches to improve deep learning methods for business processes prediction. The purpose of the work is to improve the efficiency of analysis and predictive identification of problematic business processes by improving existing deep learning methods. The implementation of the proposed methods will effectively predict the problems and the behavior of both single processes and entire organizational systems. Materials and methods. Process Mining methods, deep learning and methods of organizational system management are used. Results. In the course of the work, a review of existing process predicting methods was made. An improvement of existing solutions is proposed by integrating the properties of predictive neural networks and networks for machine translation within a single model. In particular, encoder and decoder were used, as well as the attention mechanism. Conclusions. The work experimentally confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed modification of the neural network architecture. The changes made it possible to improve the quality of predicting the business processes activities by 1.5–2 times.

Crisis management is one form of management. It is applied in situations that we refer to as crisis. A crisis is a stressful situation for all interested parties, in which there is a greater or lesser threat to the values and assets. Coping with a crisis situation depends on many factors, while preparation is absolutely necessary, which must be done at a time when there is no crisis and ideally there is no threat. This preparation must also include the definition of crisis processes, i.e. the description of the behavior of each subject. At the time of crisis activation, everyone must know what rights and obligations they have and how they should fulfill these tasks. For the definition and description of these processes, it is possible to use proven means of process modeling, which have been used for a long time in many fields of human activity. An appropriately described process model, or a complex process map, can then be the optimal source of information for all entities.

The development of European integration processes leads to the emergence of new opportunities for improving the functioning of domestic enterprises. That increases competition not only in foreign, but also in domestic markets. This necessitates the need to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the functioning of domestic enterprises, and requires, first of all, the improvement of their management system. International experience shows that one of the key directions in the context of the above is the application of a process approach to activity management. This requires managers of all levels in the enterprise to understand the provisions of the theory of this approach and the algorithm of actions regarding its practical application. The results of studying the scientific literature indicate that the theory of the process approach to the management of the enterprise's activities has been developed quite widely. At the same time, there are currently no unified approaches to the interpretation of even the basic concepts of this theory - process, business process. It was established that the wording of the mentioned concepts is incomplete, they contain provisions regarding their individual aspects or properties. What makes it impossible to develop an effective approach to improving the company's management system and practically implement it. Based on the results of a categorical analysis of scientific works and the provisions of international and domestic ISO standards regarding the essence of the concepts "process" and "business process", the key features of these concepts were determined. By synthesizing these features, taking into account the connections between them, the author's definition of these concepts was formed. Compared to the positions available in the scientific literature, the proposed formulations are complete, reflect all the key aspects of the studied concepts and make it possible to form an effective approach to the management of the enterprise's activities. It was established that the process contains not one, but three consecutively executed stages, which ensures the existence of the process and connections between the processes. A business process as a type of process has three key features: controllability, repeatability and flexibility. Thanks to these properties, the business process fulfills its role in the system (enterprise). Business processes within the system are interconnected and are aimed at achieving the general goals of the system (enterprise) through the achievement of the goals set for them.

Competition in the hotel industry makes it necessary to study innovative ways to preserve and increase customer base. Effective interaction with customers is evidence of hotels’ innovative activity determined by the active implementation of marketing concepts and the development of information technologies. Therefore, customer engagement involves digitalizing the “hotel-consumer” interaction process. This study aims to determine the components of digital customer engagement in the hotel industry using systematization, generalization, survey, and econometric models. The components of digital customer engagement include recognition, interest, communications, consumer experience, loyalty, and intentions of repatronage. Econometric models used the data of hotels in Kyiv (Ukraine) to prove the dependence of their income on the costs of digital consumer engagement. For financial indicators, the study surveyed hotel managers and stakeholders. The selected indicators have a significant influence on hotel income. In the case of a linear model (“Khreshchatyk” hotel), the parameters show how many units the effective feature will change when one-factor characteristic changes by one unit (assuming other factors are constant). In the case of power-law models (“Bratislava” and “Ukraine” hotels), the parameters are essentially elasticity coefficients that demonstrate the sensitivity of income changes to changes in factor characteristics. Accordingly, the coherence of implementation of all components in the digital engagement of hotel services’ consumers ensures an increase in service provision volume and hotel operations’ efficiency. AcknowledgmentThe paper shows the author’s results within the frameworks of the study, performed in 2021−2023 at Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics at the request of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, “Digital transformation of trade, economic and tourist systems in Ukraine” (state registration number 0121U112231) and “Forecasting the impact of the tourism system on the country’s economy” (state registration number 0122U001559).

Through business process modeling, organizations in general have managed to optimize their processes, through a robust and automated process architecture. Similarly, through risk management, companies seek to ensure that the risks that can negatively affect the achievement of the organizations' strategic objectives are identified, analyzed, and adequately responded to. Based on the risk assessment, an organization will need to choose whether to accept the risk, mitigate the risk, or transfer the risk to the same or another process. When carried out effectively, risk management in business processes ensures that the organization's limited resources are prioritized to address in the most efficient way the problems that will affect them the most, and thus their continuity is achieved. and sustainability. This article explores questions associated with What is a business process, BPM? and What are the risks associated with business processes? How does the use of BPM modeling and process mining facilitate risk management at all stages of the process lifecycle? The most important contributions are related to the mapping of cycle risks to a functional and specific framework, and affect the life cycle in its entirety, which were analyzed through process mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]